EP3-E-4-A ALSTOM 電除塵控制器
操控器（英文名稱：controller）是指依照預訂次序改動主電路或操控電路的接線和改動電路中電阻值來操控電動機的建議、調(diào)速、制動和反向的主令設備。由程序計數(shù)器、指令寄存器、指令譯碼器、時序產(chǎn)生器和操作操控器組成，它是發(fā)布命令的“決策機構”，即結束協(xié)和諧指揮整個計算機系統(tǒng)的操作。
EP3-E-4-A阿爾斯通控制器模塊
控制器分組合邏輯控制器和微程序控制器，兩種控制器各有長處和短處。組合邏輯控制器設計麻煩，結構復雜，一旦設計完成，就不能再修改或擴充，但它的速度快。微程序控制器設計方便，結構簡單，修改或擴充都方便，修改一條機器指令的功能，只需重編所對應的微程序;要增加一條機器指令，只需在控制存儲器中增加一段微程序，但是，它是通過執(zhí)行一段微程。具體對比如下:組合邏輯控制器又稱硬布線控制器，由邏輯電路構成，完全靠硬件來實現(xiàn)指令的功能。
要實現(xiàn)一個數(shù)字系統(tǒng)，你需要三個主要組成部分[1]:
(1)計算作用于計數(shù)器的函數(shù)的組合邏輯(ALU):
(2)存儲位的存儲單元(寄存器):
(3)控制內(nèi)存元素更新的時鐘信號
CPU的基本任務是執(zhí)行指令，對計算機來說，這些指今最終是一由0和1。CPU在邏上可以分為控制單元、計算單元和存儲單元三個模塊，三個模塊之間通過CPU內(nèi)部總線連接。如下:
控制單元

EP3-E-4-A

安制單元是整CPU的命今控制中心，由指今寄存器IR/Instruction Register)、指今解碼器ID/lnstruction Decoder、操作控制0C1Operationcontroller 等組成。保持整個電腦的正常運行是很重要的。它根據(jù)用戶預先編好的程序，依次從存儲器中取出每條指令，放入指令寄存器IR中，通過指令解碼(分析)確定需要執(zhí)行什么操作，然后通過操作控制器OC，按照確定的時間順序，向相應的部件發(fā)出微操作控制信號。操作控制器OC主要包括節(jié)拍脈沖發(fā)生器、控制矩陣、時鐘脈沖發(fā)生器、復位電路和斷電電路控制邏輯。運管器
是計算機的核心，您可以執(zhí)行算術運算括基本污算，如加減乘數(shù)及其附加運和邏運算(包括移位、邏測試或兩人值的比較)。相對于控制單元來說，計算機接受控制單元的命今并執(zhí)行動作，即算術單元所執(zhí)行的一切操作都是由控制單元發(fā)出的控制信號來指揮的，因此它是執(zhí)行部件。存儲單元
這些包括芯片內(nèi)緩存和寄存器庫，它們是CPU中等待處理或已經(jīng)處理的數(shù)據(jù)的臨時存儲。CPU訪問寄存器的時間比訪問內(nèi)存的時間要少。寄存器的使用可以減少CPU訪問內(nèi)存的次數(shù)，從而提高CPU的工作速度，然而，由于芯片面積和集成度的限制，寄存器庫的容量不能很大。寄存器組可分為特殊寄存器和一般寄存器。專用寄存器的功能是固定的，分別存放相應的數(shù)據(jù)。另一方面，通用寄存器是通用的，可以由程席員指定。通用寄存器的數(shù)量因微外理器而異[21.

EP3-E-4-A

EP3-E-4-A ALSTOM Electric dust removal controller
The controller is a master device that changes the wiring of the main circuit or control circuit and changes the resistance value in the circuit to control the motor according to the pre-ordered order, speed regulation, braking and reverse. It is composed of program counter, instruction register, instruction decoder, time sequence generator and operation manipulator. It is a “decision mechanism” that issues commands, that is, it ends the operation of the whole computer system in harmony.
EP3-E-4-A Alstom controller module
The controller is divided into combinatorial logic controller and microprogram controller. The two controllers have their own advantages and disadvantages. Combinatorial logic controller design is troublesome, complex structure, once the design is completed, it can not be modified or expanded, but its speed is fast. Microprogram controller is convenient in design, simple in structure, easy to modify or expand, modify the function of a machine instruction, only need to reprogram the corresponding microprogram; To add a machine instruction, one simply adds a microprogram to the control memory, but it does so by executing a microprogram. The specific comparison is as follows: The combined logic controller, also known as the hard-wired controller, is composed of logic circuits and completely relies on hardware to achieve the function of instructions.
To implement a number system, you need three main components [1]:
(1) Calculate the combinatorial logic (ALU) of the function acting on the counter:
(2) Storage unit (register) of storage bits:
(3) Clock signal that controls the update of memory elements
The basic task of a CPU is to execute instructions, and to a computer, these are ultimately a series of 0s and 1s. The CPU can be divided into three modules on the logic: control unit, computing unit and storage unit, and the three modules are connected through the internal bus of the CPU. As follows:
Control unit
The security unit is the current control center of the whole CPU, which is composed of the current Register IR/Instruction Register, the current Decoder ID/lnstruction Decoder, and the operation control 0C1Operationcontroller. It is important to keep the whole computer running properly. According to the user’s pre-programmed program, it takes out each instruction from the memory in turn, puts it into the instruction register IR, determines what operation needs to be performed through instruction decoding (analysis), and then sends a microoperation control signal to the corresponding component through the operation controller OC in accordance with the determined time order. The operating controller OC mainly includes the beat pulse generator, control matrix, clock pulse generator, reset circuit and power off circuit control logic. Pipe carrier
Is the heart of the computer, you can perform arithmetic operations including basic arithmetic, such as add and subtract multipliers and their additional operations and logic operations (including shifts, logic tests, or comparison of two values). Compared with the control unit, the computer accepts the order of the control unit and performs the action, that is, all the operations performed by the arithmetic unit are commanded by the control signal issued by the control unit, so it is the executive part. Memory cell
These include on-chip caches and register libraries, which are temporary stores of data waiting to be processed or already processed in the CPU. The CPU spends less time accessing registers than it does accessing memory. The use of registers can reduce the number of times the CPU accesses the memory, thereby improving the CPU’s working speed, however, due to the limitations of chip area and integration, the capacity of the register library can not be very large. Register groups can be divided into special registers and general registers. The function of the special register is fixed, and the corresponding data is stored separately. General purpose registers, on the other hand, are general purpose and can be specified by the program operator. The number of general purpose registers varies from micromanager to micromanager [21.

EP3-E-4-A