控制系統(tǒng)已被廣泛應(yīng)用于人類社會的各個領(lǐng)域。在工業(yè)方面，對于冶金、化工、機械制造等生產(chǎn)過程中遇到的各種物理量，包括溫度、流量、壓力、厚度、張力、速度、位置、頻率、相位等，都有相應(yīng)的控制系統(tǒng)。在此基礎(chǔ)上通過采用數(shù)字計算機還建立起了控制性能更好和自動化程度更高的數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)，以及具有控制與管理雙重功能的過程控制系統(tǒng)。在農(nóng)業(yè)方面的應(yīng)用包括水位自動控制系統(tǒng)、農(nóng)業(yè)機械的自動操作系統(tǒng)等。
控制系統(tǒng)其實從20世紀(jì)40年代就開始使用了，早期的現(xiàn)場基地式儀表和后期的繼電器構(gòu)成了控制系統(tǒng)的前身。以PLC和DCS為代表，從70年****始應(yīng)用以來，在冶金、電力、石油、化工、輕工等工業(yè)過程控制中獲得迅猛的發(fā)展。從90年****始，陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)場總線控制系統(tǒng)、基于PC的控制系統(tǒng)等，將簡要介紹各種常見的控制系統(tǒng)，并分析控制系統(tǒng)的演進(jìn)過程和發(fā)展方向。
70年代中期，由于設(shè)備大型化、工藝流程連續(xù)性要求高、要控制的工藝參數(shù)增多，而且條件苛刻，要求顯示操作集中等，使已經(jīng)普及的電動單元組合儀表不能完全滿足要求。在此情況下，業(yè)內(nèi)廠商經(jīng)過市場調(diào)查，確定開發(fā)的DCS產(chǎn)品應(yīng)以模擬量反饋控制為主，輔以開關(guān)量的順序控制和模擬量開關(guān)量混合型的批量控制，它們可以覆蓋煉油、石化、化工、冶金、電力、輕工及市政工程等大部分行業(yè)。

UFC760BE1142

Control systems have been widely used in various fields of human society. In industry, there are corresponding control systems for various physical quantities encountered in the production process of metallurgy, chemical industry, machinery manufacturing, including temperature, flow rate, pressure, thickness, tension, speed, position, frequency, phase, etc. On this basis, a digital control system with better control performance and higher degree of automation, and a process control system with dual functions of control and management have been established by using digital computer. Applications in agriculture include automatic water level control system, automatic operating system of agricultural machinery, etc.
In fact, the control system has been in use since the 1940s, and the early field ground-based meters and the later relays formed the predecessor of the control system. Represented by PLC and DCS, since the application of **** in 70 years, it has achieved rapid development in industrial process control such as metallurgy, electric power, petroleum, chemical industry and light industry. Since **** in 1990, fieldbus control systems and PC-based control systems have appeared one after another. This paper will briefly introduce various common control systems, and analyze the evolution process and development direction of control systems.
In the mid-1970s, due to the large size of equipment, high requirements for process continuity, increased process parameters to be controlled, harsh conditions, and centralized display operations, the already popular electric unit combination instrument can not fully meet the requirements. In this case, the industry manufacturers through market research, determined that the development of DCS products should be based on analog quantity feedback control, supplemented by switching quantity sequence control and analog quantity switching quantity mixed batch control, they can cover oil refining, petrochemical, chemical, metallurgy, electric power, light industry and municipal engineering and other most industries.